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ObjectiveTo summarize and analyze the protocols of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of post-stroke lower limb dysfunction. MethodsLiterature about rTMS for lower limb dysfunction of patients post stroke were retrieved from Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, and Wanfang Data from inception to August 17, 2022. The quality of the literature was evaluated with Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Literature quality, data extraction and scoping review were performed by two researchers. ResultsA total of 21 studies were included, in which 20 studies suggested that rTMS treatment could promote the recovery of lower limb motor function after stroke. One study showed negative result. rTMS interventions were reported safe, with no serious adverse reactions. There were great heterogeneity in the demographic and clinical information, study protocols, stimulation parameters, coil types, targets of stimulation, and motor-evoked potential measurement in the included studies. ConclusionThe future protocols of rTMS need to be combined with stroke stage and severity of injury. There is a demand for more real vs. sham rTMS studies, reporting similar designs with sufficient information, to achieve a significant level of evidence regarding the use of rTMS in post-stroke patients.
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Objective:To analyze the current problems in the management of stem cell clinical research in China, explore how to improve the construction ability of stem cell research and management, and promote the well development of stem cell clinical research.Methods:By searching the relevant laws and policies of stem cell clinical research in China, identifying problems that need to be solved at the regulatory level, institutional level and individual research personnel, proposing countermeasures and suggestions on strengthening the construction of stem cell clinical research management in medical institutions.Results:There are uncertainties and high risks in the clinical application of stem cells, which is full of opportunities and challenges in the process of promoting the clinical research and application transformation of stem cells. There are many problems to be solved, such as the lack of detailed management standards, the imperfect internal system at the level of specific management institutions, and the lack of regulations and ethical concepts at the researcher level.Conclusions:Stem cell research is one of the promising new frontiers of science and technology. The management of stem cell clinical research needs the joint efforts of government departments and institutional management departments to discuss and establish the management system of stem cell clinical research. At the same time, it also needs the active engagement of stakeholder, such as researchers, stem cell enterprises and human subjects to work together in promoting the well development of stem cell clinical research.